Model Works Cited Entries: Books

The entries that follow illustrate the information needed to cite books, sections of a book, pamphlets, and government publications.

One Author
Shaw, Arnold. Black Popular Music in America: From the Spirituals, Minstrels, and Ragtime to Soul, Disco , and Hip-Hop. New York: Schirmer Books, 1986.

Two or Three Authors
Bystydzienski, Jill M., and Estelle P. Resnik. Women in Cross-Cultural Transitions . Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1994.

More Than Three Authors
Marine, April, et al. Internet: Getting Started . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PTR Prentice Hall, 1994.

A Single Work from an Anthology
Rich, Adrienne. "Re-Forming the Crystal." Contemporary American Poetry . Ed. A. Poulin, Jr. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
Note • If you cite a complete anthology, begin the entry with the editors.
Poulin, A., Jr., ed. Contemporary American Poetry . 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Company, 1980.

Two or More Books by the Same Author
List the books alphabetically according to title. After the first entry, substitute three hyphens for the author's name.
Von Oech, Roger. A Kick in the Seat of the Pants . New York: Perennial-Harper, 1986.
- - - A Whack on the Side of the Head . New York: Warner, 1983.

A Corporate Group Author
Task Force on Education for Economic Growth. Action for Excellence . Washington: Education Commission of the States, 1983.

An Anonymous Book
The World Almanac Book of the Strange . New York: New American Library, 1977.
Note • The Bible is considered an anonymous book. Documentation should read exactly as it is printed on the title page. (Translations and editions of the Bible vary, which is why you must be precise.)
The Jerusalem Bible . Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966.
The English Revised Bible with the Apocrypha . n.p.: Oxford UP and Cambridge UP, 1989.

A Multivolume Work
Ziegler, Alan. The Writing Workshop . Vol. 2. New York: Teachers and Writers, 1984.
Note • If you cite two or more volumes in a multivolume work, give the total number of volumes after the title.
Israel, Fred L., ed. Major Peace Treaties of Modern History, 1648-1967 . 4 vols. New York: Chelsea, 1967.

An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword
Callan, Edward. Introduction. Cry, the Beloved Country . By Alan Paton. New York: Macmillan, 1987. xv-xxvii.
Note • Give only the author's last name after By if he is the author of the piece cited and the complete work.
Buscaglia, Leo F. Introduction. Love . By Buscaglia. New York: Fawcett Crest, 1972. 9-12.

Cross-References
To avoid unnecessary repetition when citing two or more entries from a larger collection, you may cite the collection once with complete publication information (see Hall). The individual entries (see Abbey and Baldwin) can then be cross-referenced by listing the author, title of the piece, editor of the collection, and page numbers.
Abbey, Edward. "The Most Beautiful Place on Earth." Hall 225-41.
Baldwin, James. "Notes of a Native Son." Hall 164-83.
Hall, Donald, ed. The Contemporary Essay . New York: Bedford-St. Martin's, 1984.

An "Edition"
An edition refers to the particular publication you are citing, as in the 3rd edition. But "edition" also refers to the work of one person that is prepared by another person, an editor.
Shakespeare, William. Macbeth . Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Signet NAL, 1963.

A Translation
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Fathers and Sons . Trans. Michael R. Katz. New York: W. W.
Norton, 1994.

An Article in a Reference Book
It is not necessary to give full publication information for familiar reference works (encyclopedias and dictionaries). For these titles, list only the edition (if available) and the publication year. If an article is initialed, check the index of authors (in the opening section of each volume) for the author's full name.
"Euthanasia." Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary . 10th ed. 1993.
"Costume." Encyclopedia Americana . 1985 ed.
Vorhaus, Louis J. "Bursitis." Collier's Encyclopedia . 1993 ed.

Pamphlet with No Author or Publication Information Stated
If known, list the country of publication [in brackets]. Use N.p. (no place) if the country is unknown.
Pedestrian Safety . [United States]: n.p., n.d.
Note • In the entry, n.p. (after the colon) means "no publisher given"; n.d. means "no date of publication given."

Signed Pamphlet
Treat a pamphlet as you would a book.
Grayson, George W. The North American Free Trade Agreement . New York: Foreign Policy Association, Inc., 1993.

Government Publications
State the name of the government (country, state, etc. ) followed by the name of the agency.
United States. Federal Trade Commission. Shopping by Mail or Phone . Washington: GPO, 1994.

A Book in a Series
Give the series name and number (if any) before the publication information.
Bishop, Jack. Ralph Ellison . Black Americans of Achievement. New York: Chelsea House, 1988.

A Publisher's Imprint
The name of a publisher's imprint appears above the publisher's name on the title page. Give the imprint followed by a hyphen and the name of the publisher ( Signet-NAL ) .
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. One Day in the Life of lvan Denisovich . Trans. Ralph Parker. New York: Signet-NAL, 1963.
Note • If more than one city is listed for a publisher, list the first one.

Model Works Cited Entries: Periodicals

The entries that follow illustrate the information and arrangement needed to cite periodicals.

Signed Article in a Magazine
Tully, Shawn. "The Universal Teenager." Fortune 4 Apr. 1994: 14-16.

Unsigned Article in a Magazine
"Speak, Hilary." The New Republic 28 Mar. 1994: 9.

An Article in a Scholarly Journal
Cartwright, David E. "The Last Temptation of Zarathustra." Journal of the History of Philosophy 31 (1993): 49-69.
Note • Journals are usually issued no more than four times a year. Number 31 refers to the volume. The issue number is not needed if the page numbers in a volume continue from one issue to the next. If the page numbers start over with each issue, then put a period between the volume number and issue number: 31.2.

Signed Newspaper Article
Stanley, Alessandra. "Russians Find Their heroes in Mexican TV Soap Operas." New York Times 20 Mar 1994. national ed.: l.
Note • Cite the edition of a major daily newspaper (if given) after the date (20 Mar. 1994, national ed.: 1). To cite an article in a lettered section of the news paper, list the section after the page number. (For example, 4A would refer to page 4 in section A of the newspaper.) If the sections are numbered, how ever, use a comma after the year; then indicate sec. 1, 2, 3, etc., followed by a colon and the page number.

Unsigned Newspaper Article
"African Roots of American Music Traced at Westchester College Program.'' Amsterdam News [New York] 29 Jan. 1994. sec. 1:21.
Note. If the unsigned article is an editorial, put Editorial after the title. Also, if the city of publication is included in the newspaper's name, you do not have to add it in brackets.

A Letter to the Editor
Epsy, Mike. Letter. "Abolishing the Farmer's Home Administration." Washington Post 5 Mar. 1994. 5A.

A Review
Drew, Bettina. "Hollywood on Wry." Rev. of Delusions of Grandma by Carrie Fisher.
Chicago Tribune 10 Apr. 1994, sec. 1:5.
Note • If you cite the review of a work by an editor or a translator, use ed. or trans. instead of by.

Published Interview
Orbison, Roy. "Roy Orbison: 1936-1988." By Steve Pond. Rolling Stone 26 Jan 1989: 22+.
Note • Type the word Interview after the interviewee's name if the interview is untitled.

Television and Radio Programs
If your reference is primarily to the work of an individual, cite that person before the title. Otherwise, other pertinent information ( director, writer, etc.) may be given after the main title of the program (underlined).
"An Interview with Elton John." Barbara Walters Special . ABC, WISN, Milwaukee, 21 Mar. 1994.

Recordings
Shocked, Michelle. Arkansas Traveler . Polygram Records. Inc., D110521, 1992.
Note • D110521 refers to the catalog number. If citing jacket notes, give the author's name, the title of the material (if given), and the words Jacket notes before the regular bibliographic information.

Films
Rebel Without a Cause . Dir. Nicholas Ray. With James Dean, Natalie Wood, Sal Mineo, and Dennis Hopper. Warner, 1955.

Filmstrips, Slide Programs, and Videotapes
Cite the medium (filmstrip, slide program, etc.) after the title.
Going Back, A Return to Vietnam . Videocassette. Virginia Productions, 1982, 55 min.

Letter Received by the Author (Yourself)
Thomas, Bob. Letter to the author. 10 Jan. 1989.

Personal Interview
Brooks, Sarah. Personal interview. 15 Oct. 1993.

Lectures, Speeches, and Addresses
Angelou, Maya. Address. Opening General Sess. NCTE Convention. Adam's Mark Hotel, St. Louis, 18 Nov, 1988.

MODEL WORKS CITED ENTRIES:COMPUTER NETWORK SOURCES

Article in an Electronic Journal (No print version)
Elkhart, Wolfgang. "Planning for Resource Shortages.'' Earth Care 8.3 (10 Apr. 1996): 8 pp. On-line. Internet. 6 June 1996. Available FTP: berline.cc.stanfordu.ca.
Note • The title of the electronic journal (underlined) is followed by a volume and issue number, date of publication, number of pages or paragraphs, the publication medium (On-line), the name of the computer network, your date of access, and the word Available followed by the electronic address you used to access the document.

Electronic File on the World Wide Web (No print version)
Bowker, Samuel T. "Cyberspace: Debate on Research Use." 12 Sept. 1996: n.pag. On-line. Internet. 5 Oct 1996. Available WWW: http:www.ppc.new.edu/home/stb/com.
Note • When there is no volume or issue number, the date of publication is not placed in parentheses.

Personal Site
Burton, Francis. Home page. 11 Nov. 1997.
<http://www.lang.uutah.cc:5454/~francis/index.html>.
Note: When a professional or personal site has no title, use the description "Home page" without the underscore.

Articles in Reference Databases
"Astronomy." Collier's Online. Vers. 97.2.2. 1997.
Collier's Encyclopedia. 14 Jan. 1998 <http://www.ce.com:362>.

Carlyle, Lois. "Weeping for the Universe?"Rev. of Exploitina the Cosmos, by Charles Lindsey. Houston Herald 15 Nov. 1997, sec. B:6. Human Rights Opinions On-Line. 19 7 Human Rights Publications, Inc. 17 Nov. 1997 <http://search.humanrightspub.com/books/97/11/15/reviews/971115.15carlyle.html>
Note: This last entry begins with original publication information and ends with the name of the on-line database (underlined), the year of electronic publication, the name of the sponsoring company, your date of access, and the electronic address.

E-Mail Message
Toshner, David. <david@toshner.net>. 22 Feb. 1998.
E-mail to the author. 25 Feb. 1998.
Note: This entry begins with the name of the e-mail writer, his e-mail address, and the date the message was sent, and ends with the description "E-mail to the author" and your date of access.